Wills & Legal

What Happens If You Die Without a Will

More than half of American adults don't have a will. If you're one of them, your state decides what happens to your assets, your children, and your estate — not you.

The legal term: intestate succession

When you die without a valid will, you die "intestate." Your state's intestacy laws then determine what happens to your assets — following a strict priority order: spouse, children, parents, siblings, extended family. The exact distribution varies by state, and it may be very different from what you intended.

Your assets go through probate

Without a will, virtually all of your non-beneficiary-designated assets must pass through probate — a court-supervised process that typically takes 6–18 months and costs 2–5% of the gross estate value. During that time, your family has limited access to those assets.

Your spouse may not get everything

If you have children, many states split your estate between your spouse and children according to a formula. Your spouse might receive one-third to one-half of the estate, with the remainder going to your children. If your children are minors, their share goes into a court-managed custodial account — not to your spouse to manage.

What dying without a will means for your situation

You have a spouse and children
Assets may be split between them, leaving your spouse with less than expected. Children's share may go to a court-managed account until they turn 18.
You have minor children
A judge decides who raises your children. Their inheritance is managed by a court-appointed guardian until adulthood — then paid out as a lump sum.
You have an unmarried partner
Your partner receives nothing. Intestacy laws don't recognize unmarried partners, regardless of how long you've been together.
You own a business
Your business interest is distributed by state formula, potentially to unintended parties who may not have the ability or desire to run it.
You have a blended family
Children from a prior relationship may receive assets your current spouse expected. State formulas don't account for your family's unique dynamics.

How to protect your family

A basic will doesn't need to be complex. At minimum, it should name who inherits your assets, name an executor to handle your estate, name a guardian for minor children, and address any specific items that matter to you.

Beyond a will, review your beneficiary designations on every retirement account and life insurance policy. These designations override your will — keeping them current is one of the highest-value estate planning actions you can take.

Finally, make sure the right people can find your documents. A will your family doesn't know about is almost as bad as no will at all.

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